Issue Paper (Global warming) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue Paper (Global warming) - Essay Example may be increments in the convergences of undesirable drinking water and air contaminations, changes in the precipitation designs and other outrageous occasions could prompt the spreading of certain infections. The impacts of an Earth-wide temperature boost might be summed up as follows, Warmth waves consistently lead to instances of stroke and lack of hydration in our bodies and they structure the majority of climate related passings. The hazard of warmth wave for the most part influences the youthful, old grown-ups and the helpless more than it does to the capable in the general public (Leal 30). The rate and the greatness of over the top occasions of precipitation are foreseen to increment in some particular areas as it occurs in the brutality of hurricanes. The extraordinary occasions may prompt wounds and some broaden passings of the friends and family in the network (Scherer 45). The most helpless perspective to this kind of atmosphere condition is likewise the youthful, the old and those individuals with some ailments along with the poor in the general public. There are additionally circuitous impacts of the condition to human life that may remember the decrease for the accessibility of new water, interferences of correspondence and transport systems. There may likewise be an expansion in stomach and intestinal ailments among the individuals influenced and instances of emotional wellness impacts like despondency and post-horrible scatters (Svensson 50). Changes that happen to the atmosphere may quicken the spread of certain ailments. The infection causing specialists that are known as pathogens are transmittable through water, food, creatures and creepy crawlies as well. Environmental change influences these transmitters in a single manner or the different in this way influencing a people life legitimately or in a roundabout way (Scherer 78). An expansion in temperature prompts expanded instances of microbes that are identified with food contamination since temperature quickens the development of microscopic organisms. The subsequent maladies may achieve gastrointestinal misery and in extraordinary cases passing. Substantial ruins and flooding may prompt floods from sewage lines and

Fathers and Sons - The Quarrel - Chapter 10 Essay Example for Free

Fathers and Sons The Quarrel Chapter 10 Essay Section ten starts with Arkady and Bazarov examining Nikolai and his obsoleteness, Nikolai counseling his sibling Pavel about a similar issue follows this. These two occasions scarcely fit into a similar part as the squabble that happens straightaway. Bazarov and Pavel have not gotten along since they met and share various perspectives on fundamentally everything. Pavel hates Bazarovs agnostic demeanor and Bazarov, being a skeptic doesnt care much for Pavels noble nature either. They have both been consuming to have a contention, particularly Pavel who was simply trusting that a flash will begin a fire. At the point when the discussion floated to one of the neighboring landowners Pavel saw his opportunity and utilizations this as an impetus to begin the discussion about skepticism and their various perspectives. As the two men start dueling it is perceptible how both appear to be prepared supporters. Their inquiries are brief and their responses to the point and dont part with something over the top. Bazarov appears to not think less about what's going on though Pavel is by all accounts dribbling with excitement. Pavel goes about as a greater amount of a questioner than Bazarov and starts the contention by expressing his contradicting perspective of aristocratism which Bazarov ridicules so evidently. The two men have their pride now and in spite of the fact that Pavel appears forced very little strain is in the air. I don't have a similar assessment, said Pavel lighting the discussion. Bazarov then asks Pavel what can be demonstrated about the alleged prevalence of the privileged people. In spite of the fact that Pavel answers the test I feel Bazarov is attempting to change the subject when he decides to customize the contention and starts to discuss what the purpose of all of Pavels inconve nience is. He infers that Pavel doesnt accomplish anything in his life thus his highborn lifestyle has been a pointless one with no advancement. Despite the fact that this is obviously close to home to Pavel I dont feel as though Bazarov was intentionally attempting to assault Pavels life and scorn it. Obviously Pavel is outraged and answers, losing a portion of his poise. He offers another individual expression towards Bazarov saying that solitary oblivious or blockheads would live without the principals that nobles lecture; he is legitimately inferring that Bazarov is uninformed and inept. This contention I feel was to a greater degree an individual explanation made towards Bazarov instead of a decent contention to banter over, anyway Bazarov holds his poise and moves to another subject, naming a couple of words utilized in privileged and naming them as absolute rubbish. Now I think Bazarov is winning the contention, as Pavel appears to be befuddled and incidentally overpowered by Bazarovs questions. However, Pavel does the proper thing next by asking Bazarov what he feels ought to be done about the circumstance, yet again Pavel includes another individual articulation toward the finish of his contention saying that if Bazarovs sees were placed into impact the Russian individuals will wind up past the pale of humankind, outside human laws. Next a greater amount of Pavels nobility is taken as they portray to him precisely what a skeptic does and doesn't do. Turgenev unmistakably expresses that Pavel is overpowered by the meaning of agnosticism and what plans they have for Russia. In his view it is as though Pavel belittled their obliviousness. Bazarov says that at present time the most helpful thing that should be possible by the Russian individuals is to deny. To deny authority, principals, workmanship, everything. I neglect to see what amount can be picked up by this, Bazarovs hypothesis is that the sum total of what that has been fabricated must be obliterated so as to develop another life which the individuals need. Despite the fact that I feel Bazarov is running a superior contention I dont concur with his way of thinking and feel that as opposed to denying everything an endeavor can be made at simply attempting to change what has been worked as opposed to crushing it and remaking it without any preparation. Pavel keeps on losing his temper and his contentions deteriorate as he loses his pride and starts acting virtuous. To answer to Bazarov and Arkadys portrayal of the Russian individuals he says No, no! I cannot accept that you youngsters truly know the Russian individuals, that you speak to their necessities and desires! No, the Russian individuals are not what you envision them to be. They hold convention consecrated, they are a man centric individuals, they can't live without confidence . . . This sentence with its plenitude of nos sounds virtuous and its vast majority appears as though Pavel is attempting to let himself know as opposed to the others that what they state isn't accurate. Bazarov still contains full poise and as adultly as conceivable consents to ease Pavel, however he despite everything will not concede in the event that he isn't right. At that point he expresses that in spite of the fact that Pavel might be correct it despite everything demonstrates nothing. His next contention is essential, yet successful, Pavel says that all things considered Bazarov should get going against his own kin and Bazarov answers with a similarity that infers that as indicated by Pavel if most of the individuals accomplish something completely dumb he should do as such also. Pavel overlooks the last contention made by Bazarov and rather decides to fight back by assaulting Bazarov by saying he isn't a piece of the Russian individuals after he restricts them from numerous points of view. Bazarov handles this contention just by alluding to the most Russian individuals he knows, the workers, who know about the past laborers who have risen and happen to higher status now. Bazarov, as we have seen before in the book, converses with the workers and doesnt mind responding to their inquiries and conversing with them. In spite of the fact that he may look down on them and not have a favorable opinion of them he despite everything treats them like individuals thus they will clearly bolster him on this one so Pavel made awful move by testing how Russian Bazarov is as he has more to appear for it than Pavel. In any case, again I do feel that contrasting Pavel with himself was superfluous and simply made the contention progressively close to home once more. There is a brief break in the part as Nikolai stands up and attempts to chill the two off asking them not to make this individual. He is somewhat late. With Nikolais obstruction Pavel gets an opportunity to pull it together and recover a portion of the nobility he had previously. They begin to talk about skepticism indeed with a cooler and less tense air. Bazarov gives another definition for agnosticism, this time concentrating more on their activities as a gathering. They at that point start to discuss the quality of the skeptics, which Pavel is demonstrated to have thought little of. I concur with Bazarovs see here that a huge number isn't required, yet rather a more grounded confidence or power in what they are doing as reality to be more grounded then a huge number. Albeit somewhat immaterial Bazarovs similarity to a solitary light torching the entire of Moscow, I feel was a solid contention. Pavel appears to lose his pride alongside the contention as he again begins acting anxious and rankled. Pavel then loses all pride when he begins to be mocking saying Bravo, bravo! also, attempting to make what Bazarov is stating absurd by professing to recognize it. His loss of poise is clarified with Bazarovs articulation You have left from your laudable feeling of individual nobility and with this Bazarov decides to close the contention, yet not without his end sentence in which he solicits Pavel to think from establishments where the gentry has had a result of no issues. Pavel endeavors to give some examples yet is refuted by Bazarov for his endeavors. Bazarov indeed asks Pavel to take as much time as necessary and consider it; with this he disappears and the conversation reaches a conclusion. Bazarov is obviously a ground-breaking advocate who can keep up his pride in any event, when he is censured and albeit numerous individuals contradict his perspectives he has figured out how to keep his perspectives alive. Pavel, albeit a decent endeavor would make a more fragile supporter, his shortcomings lie in his brisk temper. Keeping up your cool is significant and Bazarov demonstrated that, he left the contention with all his pride and my vote as the victor while Pavel was left tongue-tied and named as the failure.

Tourism’s Potential to Fly South Africa, Clipped by Greed Free Essays

Upon appearance in the St Lucia-Hluhluwe zone (a prime the travel industry locale) for inquire about, I was sure that the magnificence of the zone must be imparted to family. I fired mapping up the chance of a future family trip once more into this zone; the convenience, the taking care of plans, and different exercises offered by the visitor locale. Simply the fundamentals meant startling figures, too huge for my average workers pocket †and positively a fortune no other common laborers and conventional South African. We will compose a custom paper test on Tourism’s Potential to Fly South Africa, Clipped by Greed or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now I was disheartened to understand that travel industry (as an elusive utilization) will for quite a while stay an extravagance, for which, the normal man and lady is intentionally estimated out (seems like a scheme? ) †for avarice and I don't know what else. Initially, are the over the top costs called for by the administrators in the visitor area truly called for? Is this the most ideal approach to run and develop the travel industry? All the discussion about the travel industry being a monetary segment that could lead rustic turn of events and lessen neediness in under-favored networks will stay only that †a discussion, until such when the valuing issue is settled. The way things are, South Africa’s the travel industry has everything incorrectly, choking out its own potential for development through the insatiability of a couple of administrators. The estimating systems of the prime the travel industry area are clearly implied for the global vacationer originating from nations that appreciate a higher money conversion scale. The rationale is to make an executioner out of these guests. At the appointed time, nearby the travel industry is exceptionally repressed and disheartened. It is likewise likely that the lower workers from the focused on nations are additionally denied section into these significant expense zones. By so doing, the traveler region makes a gag on its capability to develop. It resembles taking away a bird’s freedom for it to fly quicker. It is a pity that this sort of rationale holds the visitor business prisoner to the impulses of a couple profiteering people and organizations. There is power in numbers. The thousands if not a huge number of potential visitors who won't visit would ascertain to substantially more benefit, more occupations made, and even start the development, vertically and on a level plane of different segments of the economies of the traveler locale. Right now, because of controlled interest †the potential for gigantic interest that requires neighborhood industrialization and a development blast just as extending the administration business is constrained. There are not many guests, and all the more along these lines, the numbers vary occasionally. All discussions about building up a culture of visiting among nearby individuals will remain however an unrealistic fantasy if the demeanor of administrators doesn't change. One administrator attempted to disclose the rationale to me; â€Å"lets face it, it is smarter to manage littler gatherings of individuals who pay great cash and act in an edified way than gatherings of low paying, over-energized packs who wind up battling and breaking property. As supremacist as it might sound, my involvement in nearby dark guests †particularly those coming in bunches have been unpleasant. At the point when they go †a great deal of things must be readied. † I identify yet clearly I am not persuaded, as this conduct may be a method for opposition. Most likely it is a lot to expect that the administrators will control themselves and change †the intercession of applicable specialists is in this manner called for. The Consumer Council may need to explore these issues. Other than the denied access to the visitor region, the poor laborers and brokers attempting to win a living in these territories experience the ill effects of these constantly significant expenses. It is really a scourge †that ought to be helped, in any case these crazy evaluating systems hold the economy at recover. Any thing from a tooth pick, to whatever is sold gets tainted with significant expenses when it enters this zone. Destitute individuals who win next to no to shield the overall revenues of administrators need to experience the ill effects of this carcinogenic valuing system. The option for the destitute individuals attempting get by in this area is to take taxi rides to close towns, for example, Mtubatuba and Richards Bay, themselves not the least expensive around. More cash and time is spent on making a trip to purchase what one could purchase in their own lawn. These individuals will never taste the cooking styles that annoy their nose and the offspring of these individuals will just however look at the offspring of the advantaged riding in cycle tracks, getting a charge out of pontoon rides, etc. They are blessed to receive the air, sound and ecological contamination from these exercises. There isn't have to limit myself from bringing up that the riding kids are white, and those siphoning in the grimy residue are dark children. It is a pity that the Black Economic Empowerment train is escaping many dark individuals in the networks in these regions. Dark people’s association is still in the very edges of the business, even the high sounding Protected Areas Act and Biodiversity Act, just as the Integrated Management Plan as of late proclaimed to adjust preservation and destitution decrease, will stay an unrealistic fantasy if dark networks are not placed in the standard. The alleged network association in the segment is in the zones of social or ethnic the travel industry, just as trekking. Extremely, the cash in the travel industry business isn't in performing Zulu moving and narrating. Where the cash is in the house or convenience arrangement, safari the travel industry, natural life the travel industry, of this area, I didn't perceive any persuading network or individual dark entrepreneur’s inclusion. The most effective method to refer to Tourism’s Potential to Fly South Africa, Clipped by Greed, Papers

Five Questions to Ask Yourself When Choosing a College Savings Strategy

College can be one of the largest expenses a family will ever face. There are a number of different options available to help you reach your goal, and here are a few things to consider before choosing the one thatï ¿ ½s right for you. 1. What are the accountï ¿ ½s limitations? Income Depending on your income, you may not be eligible to invest with certain savings vehicles. Coverdell ESAs, for example, are only available to individuals with a gross adjusted annual income (AGI) of less than $110,000 ($220,000 if filing jointly). Roth IRAs are another popular way to build a college fund but are completely prohibited to those with an AGI greater than $129,000 ($191,000 if filing jointly). The best bet for high earning families is a 529 college savings account, which has no income limits. Contributions Even if you meet the income limit of an IRA, there is a cap on the amount you can save. In 2014 the maximum annual contribution amount is $5,500 ($6,500 if you are 50 or older). Whatï ¿ ½s more, this amount is even less if your AGI is between $181,000 and $191,000. 529 plans typically do not have an annual contribution limit, but there may be a lifetime contribution limit. These limits range from around $235,000 to $400,000. If think your child might attend a private college or university, itï ¿ ½s a good idea to shop around for a plan with a higher limit. According to the College Board, in 18 years the total cost of attending a private college is expected to reach a whopping $365,000 (assuming a college cost inflation of 4.0%. Compare 529 plan features here. 2. Will I be eligible for tax benefits? Federal You should have no trouble finding a college savings strategy that offers federal tax benefits. As long as they are spent on qualified educational expenses, distributions from 529 plans, Coverdell ESAs and certain types of U.S. Savings Bonds will be will be federally tax-free. While distributions taken from a Roth IRA before 59 1/2 are still taxable, the additional 10% penalty on early withdrawals is waived if the money is spent toward qualified higher education expenses. State Currently, 529 plans are the only savings vehicles that offer up-front state tax deductions. When selecting your plan, keep in mind that not all states offer an incentive and most that do have residency requirements. The types of incentives vary by plan, but most states offer a deduction or credit for 529 contributions. Compare tax incentives offered by different states here. 3. Do I absolutely need to use the funds toward college? This is an important question since in most cases you will lose tax benefits or incur a penalty tax if you need to spend the money on something other than college. If you're not fairly certain the beneficiary will attend college, and no other family members will need the money for college, UGMA/UTMA accounts and Roth IRAs might be worth another look since there are no restrictions on how you spend the distributions. With a 529 account, you will be charged a 10% penalty tax on the earnings portion of your fund that are not spent on qualified educational expenses. There are some exceptions to this rule, including the case of scholarships, U.S. military school attendance, disability or death. 4. How much am I willing to pay in fees? No matter which investment product you choose for your college fund, you will likely incur some type of fees. Accounts that invest in mutual funds will be charged an expense ratio based on the underlying investments and some providers will also charge a monthly account maintenance fee just for having the account. You may also have to pay sales charges, commissions or advisory fees depending on the type of account you choose and how it is purchased. If youï ¿ ½re looking for a 529 plan with the lowest fees, opening the account directly through the plan manager will usually be your best bet. Financial advisors often charge an upfront commission anywhere between 1%-5.75% of the amount invested. Should you use a direct-purchase or advisor-sold 529 plan? 5. What is my time horizon and risk tolerance? Maybe you just had your first baby and have a full 18 years to save for college. Or perhaps your child is just entering high school and you need to save as much as possible in a few years. The amount of time you have left to save will determine which investments will work best for you. The shorter your investment time horizon, the less risky your investments should be. If you have young children, consider an age-based 529 education savings plan. This type of plan automatically allocates funds in the account based on the age of the beneficiary. As the child grows, the plan becomes less risky as equity (stock-market based) investments are reduced. Find out more about age-based 529 accounts here. Let us know if we missed anything! What were the most important factors in choosing your college savings strategy? 2014-04-08 College can be one of the largest expenses a family will ever face. There are a number of different options available to help you reach your goal, and here are a few things to consider before choosing the one thatï ¿ ½s right for you. 1. What are the accountï ¿ ½s limitations? Income Depending on your income, you may not be eligible to invest with certain savings vehicles. Coverdell ESAs, for example, are only available to individuals with a gross adjusted annual income (AGI) of less than $110,000 ($220,000 if filing jointly). Roth IRAs are another popular way to build a college fund but are completely prohibited to those with an AGI greater than $129,000 ($191,000 if filing jointly). The best bet for high earning families is a 529 college savings account, which has no income limits. Contributions Even if you meet the income limit of an IRA, there is a cap on the amount you can save. In 2014 the maximum annual contribution amount is $5,500 ($6,500 if you are 50 or older). Whatï ¿ ½s more, this amount is even less if your AGI is between $181,000 and $191,000. 529 plans typically do not have an annual contribution limit, but there may be a lifetime contribution limit. These limits range from around $235,000 to $400,000. If think your child might attend a private college or university, itï ¿ ½s a good idea to shop around for a plan with a higher limit. According to the College Board, in 18 years the total cost of attending a private college is expected to reach a whopping $365,000 (assuming a college cost inflation of 4.0%. Compare 529 plan features here. 2. Will I be eligible for tax benefits? Federal You should have no trouble finding a college savings strategy that offers federal tax benefits. As long as they are spent on qualified educational expenses, distributions from 529 plans, Coverdell ESAs and certain types of U.S. Savings Bonds will be will be federally tax-free. While distributions taken from a Roth IRA before 59 1/2 are still taxable, the additional 10% penalty on early withdrawals is waived if the money is spent toward qualified higher education expenses. State Currently, 529 plans are the only savings vehicles that offer up-front state tax deductions. When selecting your plan, keep in mind that not all states offer an incentive and most that do have residency requirements. The types of incentives vary by plan, but most states offer a deduction or credit for 529 contributions. Compare tax incentives offered by different states here. 3. Do I absolutely need to use the funds toward college? This is an important question since in most cases you will lose tax benefits or incur a penalty tax if you need to spend the money on something other than college. If you're not fairly certain the beneficiary will attend college, and no other family members will need the money for college, UGMA/UTMA accounts and Roth IRAs might be worth another look since there are no restrictions on how you spend the distributions. With a 529 account, you will be charged a 10% penalty tax on the earnings portion of your fund that are not spent on qualified educational expenses. There are some exceptions to this rule, including the case of scholarships, U.S. military school attendance, disability or death. 4. How much am I willing to pay in fees? No matter which investment product you choose for your college fund, you will likely incur some type of fees. Accounts that invest in mutual funds will be charged an expense ratio based on the underlying investments and some providers will also charge a monthly account maintenance fee just for having the account. You may also have to pay sales charges, commissions or advisory fees depending on the type of account you choose and how it is purchased. If youï ¿ ½re looking for a 529 plan with the lowest fees, opening the account directly through the plan manager will usually be your best bet. Financial advisors often charge an upfront commission anywhere between 1%-5.75% of the amount invested. Should you use a direct-purchase or advisor-sold 529 plan? 5. What is my time horizon and risk tolerance? Maybe you just had your first baby and have a full 18 years to save for college. Or perhaps your child is just entering high school and you need to save as much as possible in a few years. The amount of time you have left to save will determine which investments will work best for you. The shorter your investment time horizon, the less risky your investments should be. If you have young children, consider an age-based 529 education savings plan. This type of plan automatically allocates funds in the account based on the age of the beneficiary. As the child grows, the plan becomes less risky as equity (stock-market based) investments are reduced. Find out more about age-based 529 accounts here. Let us know if we missed anything! What were the most important factors in choosing your college savings strategy? 2014-04-08

Passion The Genesis Of Genius Galileo Galilei Essay

Passion is the genesis of genius-Galileo Galilei. There are multiple aspects of passion that can help define the term. Terms that are either similar or different can also aid in defining passion. Passion is a prerequisite of genius and each and everything can correlate to this term. For someone to be a genius at a certain thing they have to have passion for it. When people view passion, each person will have their own thoughts and perspectives of the word and what it means to them. The value or importance of passion can have a different meaning varying from person to person. For example, passion for one person could mean a whole another thing compared to someone else. Passion can also be how someone determines importance for specific things. Case in point, the passion of reading could mean a great deal of importance for someone then not mean anything for another person. Passion is the love for something. The passion someone has for something is that certain thing or possibly things that someone would rather be doing at any time of the day. Humans go to great extent for passion, whether it the sacrifice of health, money, or time. Passion is also a term that can describe a person’s personality. This is because it determines what someone is willing to go through for something as simple as one word. The word passion is simple when someone views it without paying attention to all of it’s details that make the term up. But when someone looks into its details they realize the

What Motivates Me For College - 988 Words

What motivates me to go to college,to put hard work in,day after day, and to achieve my goals in higher education is my parents and myself. Since I started elementary school my parents have always motivated me to go to college. I was always a good student, but, when I had entered seventh grade, it all changed. I really did not care about school, i have been just whatever about school period. Then it hit me again in my junior year of high school. Freshman and sophomore I was not really interested in school and didn t think I was going to college. My parents had a talk with me and that talk changed me. They were just asking me what am I going to do with my life if I didn t go on with school and all this other stuff that made me think really hard. I didn t want to make my parents think that their son was a failure, they raised a failure. I changed my ways and started doing better in school and now I am currently attending Cal State University of Los Angeles. Now they are more proud than ever, me being the first one in my family to attend a university. My parents will always be my biggest motivators. One reason why my parents will always be my biggest motivators is because they know what s right from wrong and they know life. They tell me and always pushed me to do my best no matter what. They told me I m going to have a lot of distraction and a lot of things I do not want to go through but, its going to happen, thats just life. In the beginning of Elementary school, IShow MoreRelatedWhat Motivates Me Most For Pursue A College Degree890 Words   |  4 PagesWhat motivates me most to pursue a college degree is opening new doors for career options and inspiring my daughter through my own actions to pursue lifelong learning. I have waited until this point in my life to take this first step for many reasons. I feel that I had a lot of fear of failure that kept me from pursuing this higher learning. 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Frequent Innovation in Business Model

Question: Prepare a detailed report that examines the underlying reasons for the issue (the why?), how best to address the issue (the how?) and provide succinct recommendations for the business in moving forward. Answer: Introduction: Frequent innovation in business model is influencing the field of employment in business. The very foundation of employment is strengthening just because there has been continual storm of change in market in a short span of time. Researchers are apprehending that if this change precedes future market will feature job prospects that are nonexistent right now. According to Vlter et al.,2013, the roles in the workplace that are evident now will become obsolete in few years for growing influence of technology. Engineering and mathematical based fields will confront wave of demand whereas non-technical fields may need enhancing and restructuring of their roles in order to survive extinction (Garton McCulloch, 2012). Transformation in business model has largely affected the employment structure of the market and soon some jobs will lose its existence. Unemployment will create upheaval in the society. RF System PTY is a company that has recently exempted employees from their duties as job responsibilities is changing faster than one can imagine. In order to circumvent from such situations the organization has to implement some actions in order to adapt to the change that is affecting the market. What change is taking place? Demand for technical professionals and business analyst is increasing but employment opportunities for non-technical support are facing constriction. Technology revolution has already started and the machinery forces are substituting human beings. Why the change is taking place: Apparently, technology has a relevant chance of substituting human workforce as the business model is remolding quite often. Technology has become a culture that everyone wants to embrace but the combination of socio emotional and intellectual skills that human being posses is unparallel. This report is to propose a business model that will be effective for the organization and will assist RF System PTY in adapting to the change that is affecting the world. 2. Defining and framing the Issue: An organization is only successful when the leadership and the management effectively participate in problem solving and motivating the employees so that they can achieve the objective and goals (Poisson-Choisne Bertran, 2015). The management of an organization works under certain functions that help them to facilitate in a productive way. According to Fayol, the managerial function needs to supervise the subordinates and guide them to work in unified manner to achieve the designated goals. Controlling and Directing are the two important methodologies that can change the structure of an organization. According to the researchers, controlling is a measure that scales the performance of an individual in an organization (Miller, McMillan Ross, 2013). In the world of business, controlling provides the perspective to a manager as to how well the organization is performing (Messmer, et al.,2015). With the help of balance sheets, data collection report and sales report managers derives the result as to what extent their organization has been successful in meeting the standards that they had set. Employees receive appraisal based on their performance. Leading or directing function involves leading the employee towards accomplishing the organizational goal. It justifies the role of an organization head. Past records has sited that a leader who scarcely communicates with their employee has failed to understand the need of the organization and has failed to meet the organizational goals (Finch, et al.,2015). Behavioral science has helped in understanding the attributes and personality that a human being possesses and how it affects management functions. A management that supports their employees assists them in enhancing their skills by arranging training sessions for them. Researchers have justified that this management procedure has been very effective and has increased productivity of the firm that have adhered to it (Chen Wang, 2015). In contingency theory, a leadership is dependent on the changes that are taking place in an environment, scrutinizes the capabilities and demeanor of the followers, and takes action depending on that (Strau Zecher, 2013). At times, a leadership who can show his capacity in a place cannot display his skills in a different situation, as he is not a leader who performs well under contingency. This theory guides an individual to modify his thought process according to the change of the situation (Stock, et al.,2013). The theory is appropriate for the situation under condition because an organization is thoroughly dependent on its leadership. With changing times, leadership should also make some changes in his ways in order to sustain the situation by controlling the variables that may affect the environment of the organization adversely. 3. Addressing the Situation: Due to repeated changes in business model, RF System PTY is confronting issues regarding employment. Heavy influence of technology has limited the need of basic employee and increased the need of technical professionals. It is a high tech based company as result skillful workers are getting top priority. Researchers are apprehensive to the fact that by 2020, there will be mass changes in job opportunities. They are also anxious that employment opportunities in the field of manufacturing and production will fall while there will be high demand for data analyst and sales representative. To sustain this professional turmoil, education system also has to sway from their adhered track of instilling knowledge(Shijun, 2014). Government needs to restructure the educational format to enhance the skills of future generation. For corporate bodies also implementation of control is highly necessary; the managers need to analyze the market to collect data so that they can measure the performance level of RF System PTY in the market and sum up ideas to ameliorate their present sate. Leadership should provide guidance and assure the employee that the necessary modifications that the organization is embracing will not going to affect their job (Meng, 2015). For restructure the current state of organization, leadership should offer training to the employee so that they can reform their skills and perform better in future (Turner, 2014). Data and information collection can assist the manger in measuring the current position of the company in market. Controlling the environment of the workplace according to the market situation can help the organization adopt itself to the factors. Contingency theory provokes the leadership to acknowledge the ways of transforming and sustain the changes without disturbing the organizational balance. According to Griffin 2013, Flexibility is the most necessary approach that will bring equilibrium in workplace environment. According to the contingency theory, leadership should accurately elucidate the goals that the organization wants to achieve and to accomplish that what changes are necessary. RF System PTY is an engineering based firm; engineering and technical implementation is prominent in this organization. Leadership need to give strict instruction to the human resources manager in what are the criteria that candidate should comprise to deserve the proposed position in that organization (McCarthy,et al.,2013). Relying on that research the manger has to take measures that will generate productivity. Leadership needs to react to according to the demand of the situation. Style of leading has impact on the organizational struc ture that is why guidance and controlling the situation adroitly is necessary in this case. Contingency theory refers that there is no principle way of leading, leadership attributes has to handle changes and remold the organization according to it (Shafritz, et al.,2015). Controlling and directing functions are interrelated, that is why a leader and a manager of an organization should work reasonably. In order to overcome the situation they need to plan solutions to strengthen their rate of adaptability and sustainability. This will assist the human resources management of RF System PTY to designate candidate according to their skills. HR of an organization plays a very important part in contingency theory because they assist the organization in seeking candidates who are suitable for their role in the company (Van de Ven, et al.,2013). Competitiveness in market is putting pressure on the organizations to declare decisions to dismiss employees, as they are no longer appropriate for the metamorphosed environment of the company. Unemployment is not what RF System PTY support s. According to Grtsch, et al., 2013, Contingency Theory is the approach that will fortify the base of the company and aid the company by supplying the substantiality that the company needs for future market. Conclusion: The structure of the report is in order to raise conscience about the factors that are affecting the organizational behavior of RF System PTY and has supplemented it with relatable theory that will prepare it for future sustainability. It is evident that business models will be revitalized every now and then but that should not hamper the lives of the employees who are working for the organization. In specific categories, technology will replace human being but re skilling of employees can help in employee retention. Recommendations: Firstly, RF System PTY has to retain the non-technical employees by restructuring the employees, as it will help them to obtain organizational goal more effectively. The manager of the RF system needs to keep track of market and collect information and data to help the organization in training procedure of the employee. The target should be clear, so that the manager and the leadership can make the goal of employee retention possible. Contingency theory is a realistic approach that will help the organization in creating a balance by training the employees so that they can maneuver technology. The goal should be effective from 2015 onwards up to 2020 as during this time the market will be facing disruptive changes due to reinstating of business model. Reference: Chen, S., Wang, S. (2015). A Contingency Theory of Internal Reorganization: Risk and Output Management.Available at SSRN 2635835. Finch, D. J., O'Reilly, N., Foster, W. M., Dubak, A., Shaw, J. (2015, January). Predictors of Knowledge Transfer: A Biographical Analysis of Authors in Leading Management Journals. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 12901). Academy of Management. Garton, C., McCulloch, E. (2012).Fundamentals of Technology Project Management. MC Press, LLC. Griffin, R. (2013).Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Grtsch, V. M., Blome, C., Schleper, M. C. (2013). Antecedents of proactive supply chain risk managementa contingency theory perspective.International Journal of Production Research,51(10), 2842-2867. McCarthy, I. P., Silvestre, B. S., Kietzmann, J. H. (2013). Understanding outsourcing contexts through information asymmetry and capability fit.Production planning control,24(4-5), 277-283. Meng, J. (2015). Ultimate Controlling and Dynamic Recapitalization.Available at SSRN. Messmer, N. W., Atkins, R., Margerm, S., Longhurst, P. W. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,111,330. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Miller, C., McMillan, F., Ross, D. (2013).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/748,691. Poisson-Choisne, C., Bertrand, G. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,120,439. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Shafritz, J., Ott, J., Jang, Y. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Shijun, F. (2014). Empirical Study on Impact of Earning Management of Ultimate Controlling Shareholder on Stock Price Synchronicity.Technology Economics,8, 014. Stock, R. M., Six, B., Zacharias, N. A. (2013). Linking multiple layers of innovation-oriented corporate culture, product program innovativeness, and business performance: A contingency approach.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(3), 283-299. Strau, E., Zecher, C. (2013). Management control systems: a review.Journal of Management Control,23(4), 233-268. Turner, J. R. (2014).The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). McGraw-hill. Van de Ven, A. H., Ganco, M., Hinings, C. R. (2013). Returning to the frontier of contingency theory of organizational and institutional designs.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 393-440. Vlter, M., Stahl, T., Bettin, J., Haase, A., Helsen, S. (2013).Model-driven software development: technology, engineering, management. John Wiley Sons.

Organizational Behavior and Communication free essay sample

This paper will focus on the American Red Cross. The culture, espoused values and enacted values are all important aspects of this organization. Communication plays a very vital role in the perception and organizational culture. Perceptions within this organization might cause misalignment between espoused and enacted values. Being able to identify the role of conflict in group communication of the organization is very vital to the success of the organization. The conflict tends to improve communication within and among groups, so that the organization can be effective. American Red Cross According to http://www. firelandsredcross. org/History. htm, the American Red Cross is the largest volunteer organization in America. Since the founding of the Red Cross by Clara Barton in 1881, volunteers have been trained to help families, friends, and neighbors in the event of an emergency. It is committed to making a positive difference by improving the quality of human life, enhancing self-reliance and concern for others, and helping people avoid, prepare for, and cope with emergencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior and Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American Red Cross South Arkansas chapter saves lives by responding with food, shelter, and hope when a disaster occurs. This organization saves lives. When disaster strikes, we respond with food, shelter and hope. Some of the major principles of American Red Cross Movement are: humanity, impartiality, independence, voluntary service, unity, and universality. The shared values of this organization includes: humanitarianism, stewardship, helping others, respect, voluntary spirit, continuous learning, and integrity. Some key elements toward the success of an organization should be influenced by the: culture, communication, role of conflict in group communication, and how conflict improves communication in the organization. Communication and Culture The relationship between communication and culture is very difficult to understand. Cultures are formed through communication. Communication is the way humans are able to interact by which customs, roles, rules, rituals, laws, or other patterns are created and shared. Without communication, it would be impossible to keep and pass along cultural qualities from one place and time to another. Communication plays a vital role in the success of American Red Cross and helps to achieve the desired outcomes of this organization. Culture is created, shaped, passed, and learned through communication. Therefore, communication practices are largely created, shaped, and transmitted by culture. Communication is the only organizational process that has the power to inform, educate and bring about cooperation and ultimately the kind of individual behavior change that leads to powerful cultural change. The past, present and future of this organization, which reflect the culture, can only be preserved through various communication artifacts. If the culture needs to be changed, communication is the main tool around the change process (Reiley Roberts, 2007). Misalignment and Perception Often, misalignment of espoused and enacted values affects the perception of American Red Cross. Misalignment of values causes frustration, anger, confusion and disengagment. Organization leaders talk about teamwork, but sometimes employees experience a different reality that some team members are better than others. A limited view of goals in this organization leads to efforts being ignored, unappreciated or even belittled. Conflict in Group Communication American Red Cross is composed of individuals that have different opinions, beliefs, and values that cause conflict. Conflict occurs within this organization when the organization’s differences are communicated. Conflict in group communication helps to bring clarity, vision, and direction. Therefore, group communication helps with unity of vision, clear directives, feedback, and challenges of the organization. Improving Communication Conflict allows us to listen for and understand what is felt and said. This is necessary in order to build strong relationships among those in the American Red Cross. Conflict improves communication by the ability to recognize and respond to vital matters, find ways to compromise, and a belief that solving the problem can support the interest and needs of others (Leavitt, 2000). Overall, conflict improves communication by building strong and better relationships, overcoming challenges, and being successful with work in life. Conclusion Finally, the awareness of the American Red Cross culture is necessary for continued diverse growth. In order to attract the best of the organization, a culture of diversity and open communication is needed. Once the American Red Cross has these qualities, it can improve efficiency and have more viewpoints to learn from. To make sure the organizational culture is compatible with the strategic goals of this organization, conflict must be beneficial to the overall improvement of communication in this organization and success will be guaranteed.

Essay on The History of Criminolgy

Essay on The History of Criminolgy Essay on The History of Criminolgy Essay on The History of CriminolgyThe topic selected for conducting a research is The History of Criminology. This topic has been selected to study because it is an interesting topic, which encompasses a variety of issues to be analyzed and discussed. The history of criminology stands for the history of science and practice, which plays a crucial role in the study of different aspects of criminology. The topic needs to be researched to better understand the nature of criminology and the functioning of criminologists in different periods of time.Moreover, the topic The History of Criminology needs to be researched to address a wide range of problems and challenges that exist in today’s field of criminology. In recent years, much has been done to conduct a research regarding the major causes and consequences of crime, but the origins of this type of research date back to the eighteenth- nineteenth centuries. According to Garland and Sparks (2000), â€Å"contemporary criminology inhabits a rapidly changing world†(p. 189). The character of criminology is changing because of considerable changes in social life and political, economic and cultural environments. These changes are reflected in â€Å"crime rates, crime policy and in the practices of policing, prevention and punishment† (Garland Sparks, 2000, p. 189).Analyzing the topic, it is necessary to refer to the major issues that should be discussed in the research. The history of criminology highlights the role of crime and punishment in modern society, identifying the nature of crime issues that are connected with the daily routines of people, their emotional and cultural lives. In general, the field of criminology requires a â€Å"sense of its own history† (Laub, 2004). It is necessary to develop and apply the key concepts of the life-course perspective to the development of criminology as an academic discipline. The research will be focused on analyzing criminology in the U.S. over the last 100 years. Special attention should be paid to the key life-course phases in the development of criminology, as well as to the major turning points in this field. The history of criminology can help to realize the ideas regarding crime issues.The intended outcome of the research should address a variety of problems and challenges that exists in our society today and affect criminology. According to researchers, â€Å"criminology, is its broadest sense, consists of our organized ways of thinking and talking about crime, criminals and crime control† (Garland Sparks, 2000, p. 192). The research will help to enhance understanding of contemporary criminology.The qualitative approach will be taken in conducting the research. The qualitative research approach requires the use of research questions as the basis of research. Thus, the actions will be aimed at setting the research questions and reviewing literature to find the answers to these questions, and providing long-t erm observation or participation in the real situations and settings. The two major research questions that will be discussed in the research include: â€Å"How the history of criminology can help to address the major problems and challenges in the field today?† and â€Å"Why the history of criminology is effective in the practices of policing, prevention and punishment?† The qualitative research approach will help to solve problems in the field of criminology based on new conclusions. Today criminologists and criminal justice historians effectively use the key findings from the history of criminology in their work, including the facts that prove the relationship between the past, present and future of criminology (Lawrence, 2012).

The Color of Paradise and Other Movies Movie Review

The Color of Paradise and Other Movies - Movie Review Example The film â€Å"Paradise Now » develops into a thriller when something goes wrong during the early stages of the plan’s execution. Said and Khaled become separated and Jamal is convinced that Said may be betraying the cause. This movie is a tough film because of what it attempts to do, which is in regards to the fact that it is a rare thing for a movie to present events of the Arab/Israeli struggle from the Palestinian side, where terrorists are viewed as ‘martyrs’ and ‘freedom fighters’ instead of killers. This movie is certainly one of speculation and possible great controversy, and yet regardless is brave for dealing with such sensitive and so-called ‘faux-pas’ issues. Trois Couleurs: Bleu is a movie of great interest. The director and writer, Krzysztof Kieslowski, tells the story in this film from the perspective of Julie (Juliette Binoche), which necessarily makes the film very dark and introspective. Overall, in the end, the story of this film isn’t a terribly ambitious one, but at the same time it remains devilishly interesting and enjoyable and maintains a slow burn throughout which leads to an explosive finale. This movie is one of a complex psychological study of emotional liberty. The plot is that Julie, wife of the famous composer Patrice de Courcy, must cope with the death of her husband and daughter in an automobile accident which only she herself survives. While recovering in the hospital, Julie even attempts suicide in her distraught stage. For the remainder of the film, she devotes herself to mental suicide, disassociating herself from all of her past memories and distancing herself from former friendships. Visually, the director uses many techniques in order to properly portray the sense of loss and Julie’s internal conflict – both of which are primary topics of the issue in this film. As Julie watches the funeral for her husband and daughter from her hospital bed, the dark shadow of her finger caresses the tiny casket on the screen. This movie is one of a certain emotion, and a number of critics rate this film as one of the great motion pictures of all time.

Wireless Power Transmission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Wireless Power Transmission - Essay Example As the stydy highlights low power devices that include mobile phones and digital cameras use batteries which are charged. In cases where one has many low power devices and intends to charge them simultaneously, it becomes a tedious affair. Current manufacturers make electronic gadgets with varying charging systems. To curb the messy picture of using wired systems, wireless power transmission comes handy and an effective way to charge portable and low-power gadgets. From this study it is clear that electromagnetism is considered to be the study of physical interaction occurrences placed between electrically charged elements. The power of electromagnetism manifests as a field, which is one of the major four fundamentals in nature’s interactions leaving the other three as gravitation, weak interaction, and strong interaction. â€Å"WPT is carried out using either the â€Å"near-field† electromagnetic (EM) induction (e.g., inductive coupling, capacitive coupling) for short-term distance (say, less than a meter) applications such as passive radio-frequency identification, or the â€Å"far-field† EM radiation in the form of microwaves or lasers for long-range (up to a few kilometers) applications†. Lorentz force is an electromagnetic phenomenon which including both electric and magnetic elements of a single phenomenon. The force of electromagnetism plays a significant role in the determination of the functions of the objects we encounter every day . Ordinary things then aquire the form resulting from intermolecular forces that are between the individual matter molecules. Electrons are bound by electromagnetic wave mechanics to form building blocks of molecules called atoms.

Classroom Management Observation Essay Example for Free

Classroom Management Observation Essay Did you view the elementary or secondary video? * Elementary 1. Observation and Description A. Describe the observed classroom routines.The class starts with the children removing materials from their desk to get organized. Having the children remove all materials from their desk to organize them according to size teaches the children to have respect for their property and others. Next, the children go on a classroom tour. She also discusses the procedure for signing books in and out of the classroom library. Next, she describes the procedures for if students want to borrow materials off the teacher’s desk. The students must always ask. Then, the children go over the schedule, so they know, what to expect throughout the school day. After that, the children learn the importance of attending school on a daily basis. Next, the teacher has the students’ line up. The first time students are required to line up; the teacher explains the procedure and the reason. Then the teacher discusses signing in and out procedures for going to the office, the restroom, and the nurse station. The students must sign out, print their name on the appropriate line, and circle the place they are going, then put the time, and take a pass. The students learn that they have more freedom in the third grade than second, because they no longer have to ask to get water at the water fountain and sharpen pencils, as long as there is no one else at the water fountain, or the pencil sharpener. Finally, the students learn the procedures for getting crayons and other materials. The same rules apply as long as no one is at the crayon or material station the students can go ahead and get crayons. The students must grab a basket, grab a handful of crayons for the basket, and go quietly back to their seats. This will decrease classroom interruptions and will gain a sense of trust between the students and the teacher. B. Describe the implementation methods of routines in the ob served classroom. The teacher implements the methods of routines as she would any other subject. For example, if the teacher were teaching math, she would describe it, explain it, and then have the children practice it. In the video, the teacher described to the students how they would line up, then she explained why they would line up that way, and then she let the children practice. 2. Analysis, Exploration and Reasoning A. Predict students’ level of engagement with the observed classroom routines.The students level of engagement is high the children are enthusiastic about learning what the teacher expects of them. Later in the school year, I predict that the student will have the same level of engagement as from the first day of school. The children will know what the teacher expect of them, regarding routines and procedures. The routines and procedures will become more of a habit. B. Analyze a possible purpose for the observed classroom routine. The purpose for the children removing all items from their desk and organizing them according to size is so that the children will know where all books and materials are at all times. This will decrease the amount of classroom disruptions, because the children will not have to go back and forth to their book bags and other areas of the classroom to get materials. The materials are in an organized area in the desk. 3. Connections to other teaching practices A. Explain the purpose of the observed classroom routines as they relate to the learning environment.The purpose of having the children take a classroom tour is to familiarize themselves with centers and materials so the children will know exactly where to go when they need certain things, which will cause less classroom disruptions. The observed routines relates to an improved learning environment for the classroomThe purpose for removing materials from their desk to get organized is to teach students to have respect for their pro perty, themselves, and others. Having respect for their property and others improves the learning environment because each student will strive to act in a respectable manner by having respect for themselves and their surroundings, which in turn, will decrease the amount of classroom disruptions. Next, the children go on a classroom tour. She also discusses the procedure for signing books in and out of the classroom library. Having the students sign books in and out of the classroom library teaches students the importance of returning items back to their correct placement, which relates to improving the learning environment because keeping items neat, organized in their correct placement is essential for a learning environment to thrive. Next, she describes the procedures for if students want to borrow materials off the teacher’s desk. The students must always ask. This teaches the student to never take anything without asking and again to have respect for their property and others, which in turn improves th e learning environment, if everyone ask before taking something of someone else. Next, the teacher has the students’ line up. The first time students are required to line up; the teacher explains the procedure and the reason. The teacher has the student to quie line up quietly, by size to see and account for all students as the students walk through the hall. This improves the learning environment because the teacher is responsible for the whereabouts of all students so seeing each child is important to have a successful learning environment. The students must remain quiet as they walk through the hall so they will not disturb other students. Then the teacher discusses signing in and out procedures for going to the office, the restroom, and the nurse station. Having the students sign in and out teaches how important it is to let the teacher know their whereabouts. This also teaches responsibility. It is crucial for the teacher to know the whereabouts of all students in their class at all times, having the students sign in and out keeps track of all whereabouts and the time, which improves the learning environment. The students learn that they have more freedom in the third grade than second, because they no longer have to ask to get water at the water fountain and sharpen pencils, as long as there is no one else at the water fountain, or the pencil sharpener. This creates a sense of trust between the students and the teacher, which improves behavior because the students will not want to abuse the trust. Gaining trust improves behaviors, and good behaviors improve the learning environment and give students an abundance of opportunities to learn. Finally, the students learn the procedures for getting crayons and other materials. The same rules apply as long as no one is at the crayon or material station the students can go ahead and get crayons. The students must grab a basket, grab a handful of crayons for the basket, and go quietly back to their seats. This will decrease classroom interruptions and will gain a sense of trust between the students and the teacher, which improves the learning environment. Students’ transitions many times throughout out the day, from entering school, to going to breakfast, to leaving the lunchroom, to entering class. Transitions between activities can be challenging and stressful for students, but with organization and key expectations, teachers will eliminate a lot of chaos during these transitions. K–8 Situations 1. Beginning of the day: Class is starting A. enter classroom, the children will find seat B. empty book bag, organize desk C. hangs up book bag, sit quietly wait for instructions to begin tasks 2. End of the day: Going home A. get book bag off hanger place books needed for homework in book bag B. clean up desk and area around desk C. Sit and remain quietly until the teacher calls your way of transportation 3. Transition between activities: Moving to centers A. At the signal (dims the lights) the students to end activity; students begin putting materials away for the current assignment. B. Students clean up and take out materials from next assignment C. when the teacher turns back on the light, students must be in their seat quietly ready to begin next activity. 4. Distribution of materials: Getting crayons off shelf A. makes sure no one is at crayon station B. WALK over to the crayon station, grab a basket, and take a handful of crayons C. return quietly to your desk 5. Field trip: unloading the bus A. get off the bus on the field trip, make sure you are with your partner B. listens to ALL directions C. stay in designated groups 6. Recess: Going to the gym A. Line up quietly for recess B. Walk quietly down the hall to gym or designated area for the day C. Listen for directions for activities for the day 7. Fire or disaster drills: exiting the building in the event of fire A. When the alarm sounds, the students will quickly line up in front of the door B. Listen for the teacher to call your row C. Walk quickly and quietly a line, listen for directions from your teacher What teachers do at the beginning of the school year to organize their rooms and establish a management system influences what happens throughout the rest of the year. Routines are the stamina of daily classroom life. The routines above are vital in order for your class to run smoothly. In the beginning of the day, when class is starting it is important for the children to enter class find their seat, empty book bags and organize their desk quietly so that the teacher can take attendance and notate how many children attended the class that day. At the end of the day, when the children are going home, it is important for the students to get book bag off hanger place books needed for homework in book bag, clean up desk and area around desk, sit, and remain quietly until the teacher calls your way of transportation. This is important so that all students to get home safely on the appropriate way of transportation. When transitioning between activities such as moving to centers, it is appropriate for student to end the current activity quickly to get started with the next. Time management is important throughout the school day since all activities are time-sensitive. When a student needs, materials such as crayons it is appropriate for the students to wait until the teacher call their row before proceeding to the material station. If a student needs crayons individually, then it’s important that the student make sure there is no one else at the station before he or she proceeds to get crayons. By waiting for the teacher to call your row or by making sure no one else is at the crayon station this will ensure the ease of all students getting material because this routine controls traffic flow in the classroom and will decrease classroom disruption. When the children go on a field trip and have to unload the bus it is appropriate for the students to follow all the routines so that the teacher and parent helpers can make sure all students are accounted for and no one is lost. When the children have recess and go to the gym it is appropriate that all students remain quietly and walk in a straight line so hallway traffic is controlled. The children should also remain quiet so they do not disturb other classrooms. Finally, in the event of a fire, it is appropriate that when the alarm sounds, the students will quickly line up in front of the door, listen for the teacher to call your row, walk quickly and quietly a line, listen for directions from your teacher. This will ensure the safety of all teachers and students.

Extreme Roles :: essays research papers

Extreme Roles In every country, city, town and neighborhood in the world, there are stereotypes. We all live in a classified area where you can be regarded as rich, poor or middle class. Within those three types there becomes sub-categories, where ethnicity , gender and sexuality also become a part of the environment. The list goes on and on. In David H. Hwang’s M. Butterfly, the roles of men and women in the Eastern and Western society are extremely limited in that men and women are both expected to act there part. Being a women in Eastern society, means basically, to do whatever possible to please your man. Song, although we come to find is actually a man, played the part of the perfect women. " Gallimard: I have a vision. Of, the Orient. That, deep within its almond eyes, there are still women. Women willing to sacrifice themselves for the love of a man. Even a man whose love is completely without worth."(Act three, scene three, pg.92). Song knew from experience t hat men of the Western world loved submissive women who would do anything to please the man they were with. Femininity is displayed as weak and passive. In order to find a man, a women had to do anything, even accept the fact that there husbands would find a mistress on the side. It was socially acceptable to be intentionally blind to what your husband was doing. The same also seemed to take place in the Western world as well, although not at such extreme cases.. Helga assumed that Gallimard took up a mistress while living in the Orient. Masculinity in this novel seems to be, the more women you have in your lifetime, the more you are considered a man. "Gallimard: (To us): Toulon knows! And he approves! I was learning the benefits of being a man. We form our own clubs, sit behind thick doors, smoke-and celebrate the fact that we’re still boys†¦."(Act two, scene 4, pg. 46). The men in this novel seemed enchanted with the idea of women and the fame they got with f riends when it was found out that they were having extra marital affairs. In the Orient and the Western world as well, masculinity wasn’t defined by hard work and a having and striving toward a perfect marriage and family life, it was defined by sex. Sex with other women than your wife.

Financing SME Essay

The definition of Small & Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) varies from country to country. The classification can be based on the firm’s assets, number of employees, or annual turnover along with the loan amount. Central Bank of Sri Lanka defines SMEs as enterprises with less than Rs. 600 million turnover per annum and with a maximum exposure of Rs. 200 million mainly to be classified as a SME for Basel II Capital adequacy calculation and utilization of funds accumulated in the Investment Fund Account in Banks. Whatever the definition, and regardless of the size of the economy, the growth of SMEs throughout the region is crucial to growth of respective economies. Because, SMEs play a critical and important role in providing job opportunities, enhancing the quality of human resources, maximizing the use of local resources, saving foreign exchange, nurturing a culture of entrepreneurship, fostering creativity and opening up new business opportunities etc. Most corporate organizations in Sri Lanka or elsewhere are the establishments started as SMEs in its early stages. Classic examples from our own country may be Nawaloka Group, Access International, Softlogic Group of companies. In most literature, it is mentioned that access to financing has been recognized as a major impediment for many SMEs and its growth, whereas corporate business entities have the advantage over the SMEs in doing so primarily as a result of their formalization. However, according to Juliet Mckee and Kimball Dietrich (2003), most common problems for SMEs are the lack of access to market information and technology, the low quality of human resources and the lack of access to capital. Despite efforts by financial institutions and public-sector bodies to close funding gaps, SMEs continue to experience difficulty in obtaining risk capital. These funding gaps relate to firm size, risk, knowledge, and flexibility. The development literature focus a good deal of attention on issues faced by SMEs in accessing finance. Traditionally, the focus is on obstacles created by financial institutions, mainly by commercial banks or on imperfections in the broader institutional environment. However, SMEs also make decisions about financing and display attitudes that have an important bearing on financing decisions. Therefore, constraints may also appear on the â€Å"demand side† of the financing market. Objective of this article is to discuss the key challenges and issues for bankers pertaining to SME lending, of which, part of them are inherent in SMEs and for others bankers are responsible. 1. Issues of SMEs 1. 1 Lack of financial literacy or weak financial literacy In the literature, lack of financial literacy is designated as informational asymmetries where SMEs typically posses privileged information on their business that cannot be easily accessed or cannot be accessed at all by lenders or outsiders. Reasons for this may vary and also have different perspectives. SMEs are mainly driven by entrepreneurs who have nurtured in their own ways to prospective SMEs. As a result of hard ways of development, they either had no time to devote further education or do not believe in learning. This is evident from the credit applications that are submitted to banks for financing. This eventually leads to low levels of financial literacy among entrepreneurs. Financial literacy is the ability to understand how money works in the world: how someone manages to earn or make it, how that person manages it, how he/she invests it (turn it into more) and how that person donates it to help others. More specifically, it refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resource. Though many SME owners are sound in developing business models and working out the profitability of products and services, understanding about the macro picture of the SME’s overall financial standing in terms of profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flows is week. As a result, they sometimes opt to resort to outsiders or merely depend on themselves in preparation of financial information which may or may not reflect the actual picture of the SMEs. Because of this impediment, banks have no choice, but to depend on collateral for SME financing. At the backdrop cash flow lending is encouraged, financial institutions are struggling to project the SMEs’ sustainable bankability. This is recognized as the main obstacle for banks and financial institutions in financing SMEs. One of the options to counter this impediment is the concept of â€Å"Para accountant†. A Para accountant is an external consultant who uses finance, economics, risk management and technology skills to help organizations prepare and report financial and tax statements according to accounting principles and regulatory requirements. A Para accountant also may review a firm’s internal controls, processes and procedures to ensure that such controls are adequate. A Para accountant may work on a client’s site or remotely. They are not necessarily qualified accountants, however, might be an option. Bankers’ prime objective in this endeavor is to develop reliable sources of information so that they could project the sustainable cash flows of the business. With this objective banks could train their credit appraisal officers as Para Accountants, who will interacts with prospective SMEs and develop a set of financial information while strengthening the banking relationship over a period of time. 1. 2 Entrepreneurs’ knowledge about building a prospective banking relationship A banking relationship is about much more than just selecting a bank to handle a company’s bank accounts. If the relationship is managed well, it can help a company to thrive. SMEs that use more than one bank will need to manage multiple banking relationships. A company will first have a business account (or several) at a retail bank (or banks) for all day-to-day financial transactions. Whether it is retail, SME or corporate, the banks should have a team of business banking advisers on hand, to advise and guide a company. It’s important to ensure continuity— banks usually offer a contact with a designated person and in turn expect to deal with the same person or persons from the company. A good banking relationship depends not only on personal rapport, but also by having a solid understanding of the company and its financial needs. Over time, a banking adviser should build up a good understanding of the company’s preferred ways of doing business and incorporate that into how their banking requirements are handled. There are many advantages having a sound banking relationship for SMEs. The bank is more likely to offer loans and other lines of credit, potentially at preferential rates of interest, if the bank advisers feel there is a good relationship with the company. The bank’s advice can be tailored for the company’s needs and personal style, rather than given generically. In times of crisis, a company having its bank’s support will be crucial. Even if a company is a text-book case of insolvency, strong personal rapport with a company representative means that the bank is more likely to offer leeway if it knows that directors are doing their utmost to keep the company going. Failure to develop a strong relationship, however, means that the SME is likely to miss out on good advice and, crucially, support in times of difficulty. However, unfortunately, many SMEs are not on the right track to understand the importance of having a good banking relationship. Given that no sound financial information are available, at least, SMEs should try to maintain a healthy customer relationship with the financial institution to entice financial needs, especially in difficult periods. It is both Bankers’ and SMEs’ responsibility of developing a prospective banking relationship over a period of time without compromising risk capital. More than the credit facilities, credit plus would be reasonably appropriate to start such a relationship and then move into advanced levels of relationships along with credit facilities. 1. 3 Financial discipline of entrepreneurs As Henry Ford correctly cited, â€Å"Wealth does not come accidently. You have to plan for it. † One’s discipline explains the right behavior and ability to take decisions without emotions. Hence, financial discipline is all about right financial decisions. In order to be financially discipline one should understand concepts of accounting and financial management in SME business. Accounting in general is all about record keeping and developing summary financial reports. Most commonly available financial reports or information are the profit and loss account, balance sheet and the cash flow statement. Unless SMEs keep records of their daily activities, it is difficult to develop financial statements with regard to their businesses. With no financial statements, SMEs will always struggle in making financial decisions. More often, there is no clear distinction between the business finance and the finances of the proprietor. Therefore, it is critical that the lender examines carefully borrower’s all commitments, i. e. , those related directly to the business and those associated with the proprietor’s private life and assets. Lack of Business Planning is a result of weak financial indiscipline in SMEs where investment decisions, working capital decisions, even pricing decisions are based on the entrepreneurs’ values than on facts. The lack of proper financial discipline results in incorrect business decisions, which hampers the sustainability of the SMEs. MacRobert (2002), in his SME manual explains why SME borrowers are different to commercial and corporate borrowers. One of the common reasons is unskilled/ untrained principals. Many SME principals in the Asia-Pacific region are self-starters, often with limited formal education, and minimal training in business management skills. That is not to say that they are incompetent, but that they often lack the capacity to research information on ways to strengthen their businesses, and, indeed, to be aware that such resources even exists. Role of the bankers in this regard is to educate the importance of financial discipline through strong banking relationships. Bankers are one of the key sources, to get SMEs to believe in financial discipline. Bank officers should take the initiatives in this endeavor to educate the SME owners. Role of the Government is also a key imperative in developing required conducive environment through institutional and policy frameworks. Some universities in Sri Lanka have already started dedicated departments to teach courses related entrepreneurship. (Example: University of Sri Jayewardenepura and University of Colombo) and It is important to note that Business studies is part of the GCE A/L curriculum. Recent budget proposals in 2011, 2012 and 2013 has given enough support to encourage SMEs and SME financing and one of the very useful proposals was to direct government banks to set up dedicated SME Branches not only to facilitate SMEs with easy access to finance, but also to educate SME owners and to guide and direct them to right places and people. However, strengthening the institutional framework to develop business development support services is also an imperative. 2. Issues with Banks SMEs are not only critical to the economy, but also to the banks’ profitability. Most diversified banks maintain a substantial percentage of exposure to the SMEs as a strategic investment given the diversity within the SME portfolio itself. It is always profitable, but need to properly evaluate and closely monitor the delinquencies to avoid any credit risks. It is a perception as well as a fact sometimes, that SMEs are always highly risky as explained by many banks. It may be due to several factors including, non availability of financial information, no tax returns, no collateral, one man show, highly sensitive to economic conditions, no proper organizational structure, and many more. These are reasons given to avoid or very conservative underwriting of SME credit proposals. As a result of these reasons, credit policies of financial institutions are based on stringent credit guidelines. 2. Institutional framework with hindering process issues In the case of many developing countries, the above mentioned obstacles to SME financing are exacerbated by institutional and process factors. Most developing countries are still highly concentrated and have uncompetitive banking sectors. This reinforces the tendency to adopt conservative lending policies. Credit policies which mainly cover the credit risk and market risk, endorse a processes which covers many elements to secure exposure, while satisfying the regulator’s requirements. This eventually results in a value driven Credit culture in financial institutions. According to MacDonald and Timothy (2006), management’s credit policy determines how much risk the bank will take and in what form. A bank’s credit culture refers to the fundamental principles that drive lending activity and how management analyzes risk. There can be large differences in their lending philosophy. The three potentially different credit cultures are: values driven, current profit driven, and market share driven. The institutional framework is reflected through the credit policy in this part of the world, the tendency is to inculcate a value driven credit culture, which has the following attributes: Focus is on credit quality with strong risk management systems and controls Primary emphasis is on bank’s soundness and stability and a consistent market presence Underwriting is conservative and significant loan concentrations are not allowed. Typical outcome is lower current profits from loans with fewer loan losses It is evident with lower non- performing ratios prevailing in banks justifies that credit risk is covered with loan risk mitigation factors and discourage granting venture capital to SMEs. Eventually, SMEs need to resort to acceptable securities which hinders them from easy access to finance from financial institutions. 2. 2 Collateral syndrome (Risk avert) Strong value driven credit cultures in financial institutions always tighten the belts in covering credit risk. Unless the financial institutions develop competencies in cash flow based lending, credit officers have no choice but to cover themselves with collateral in risky SME lending. Competencies itself will not drive the business unless the risky lending is rewarded with challenging business targets. Security based lending propositions are gradually becoming unhealthy for economies as it discourages strategically important investment decisions. Government of Sri Lanka recently enacted legislations to ease the pressure on SMEs through amendment of Parate execution where normal civil procedure of debt recovery should be applied for loans below Rs. five million with security of property mortgages. 2. 3 Weak competency in building cash flow based lending propositions Strong value based credit policies encourage security oriented lending and creates knowledge gaps in credit officers. Security oriented lending does not require strict cash flow projections and credit evaluations. Developing cash flow projections is an art and requires overall knowledge about the industry, technology, external factors (external climate) and specific firms (internal climate) along with econometrics modeling to analyze the cash flows. When it comes to large projects, knowledge in project appraisals and risk analysis will help the credit officers to get exposed to project financing. At the backdrop of investor confidence and developing businesses in emerging economies, venturing into risky business propositions is in the agenda of the banking and financial intuitions. Financing SMEs are risky but at the same time profitable, so indeed banks need to develop how best they could mitigate the risk of these ventures. One of the options is to gradually develop a culture of SME financing with confidence through development of competencies in their credit officers. Competency development not only addresses econometric techniques of analyzing and evaluating the credit proposals, but also industry knowledge and exposure, experiences of sick industries and business units, world politics and world economics, knowledge in emerging markets and technologies, behaviors and issues of labor, understanding the entrepreneurship etc. Conclusion Many of the literature examine the issues of financing SMEs world over. However, there are key issues not only from the SMEs point of view, but also from the financial institutions and, government’s point of views. No one can expect the SMEs to nurture in best practices all by themselves. In this regard, the role of financial intuitions is greater, when it comes to inculcate and nurture SMEs in the right directions. The issues for SME financing discussed above are the keys, but there are many others which needs further discussions.

Tiberius Gracchus And His Radical Reforms - 1563 Words

Christian J. Chapa Dr. Andrew Bell HIS 458/658 6 November, 2015 Tiberius Gracchus and his Radical Reforms It stands that Cicero claims that the men of the Roman Senate were made great by the fact that they are not dishonored by the spilling of blood of Tiberius Gracchus. I disagree with that notion. I believe that Gracchus was just trying to do what he thought was the right thing to do for the Roman Republic and the plebeian group. It was his duty as a tribune to watch for the needs of the Roman citizens, specifically to watch over the needs of the plebeian class. This group did not own large amounts of property. The reforms he wanted would affect land ownership in the Republic. He was opposed by the optimates, a group that favored the rich-landowning aristocracy of the Senate, their supporters, and elements of the optimates was formed against them (Lewis and Reinhold 269). By contrast, a group called the populares, who support the plebeian masses, was against them (Lewis and Reinhold 269). Gracchus was doing his duty to the s tate as he perceived it. I think that the members of the Roman Senate were threatened by Tiberius’s actions and so killed him to end the matter. The blood spilled over Gracchus is one that was agreed upon, by the Roman patricians, to be something noble and to be proud of. They were opposed to the bill proposed by Gracchus over agricultural reform and land re-distribution, â€Å"Tiberius Gracchus carried an agrarian law; the people acclaimed for it,Show MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Roman Republic1368 Words   |  6 Pageshad that allowed for armies to become loyal to its commander rather than the Roman state. For centuries, these issues were kept under control and the Republic was able to grow throughout the Western world. However, starting with more radical figures such as Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi and continuing to Sulla, Pompey, and Caesar, these issues were exacerbated and led to the downfall of the Republic. Throughout the history of the Roman Republic, there had always been tension between the plebian and